Trends in Biochemical Parameters, Healthcare Resource and Medication Use in the 5 Years Preceding IBD Diagnosis: A Health Maintenance Organization Cohort Study

Background Few data describing pre-diagnosis changes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exist. We aimed to determine if there is a pattern of change in use of health resources, medications and laboratory results in the years preceding diagnosis. Methods This retrospective study used electronic medical records of Maccabi Health Services (MHS). Patients with IBD ≥ 16 years of age and minimum of 5-years follow-up were identified by entry into the MHS IBD registry and included in the analysis. Demographic, clinical, medication and laboratory data were collected. Generalized estimating equation model was applied to study trends and compare between years. Results This study included 5643 patients with IBD. Of these, 3039 (53.8%) had Crohn’s disease (CD), 2322 (41.1%) had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 282 (5%) had indeterminate colitis (IC). Laboratory parameters including white blood cells, platelets and C-reactive protein showed significant increases while haemoglobin and mean cell volume showed significant decreases in mean values in the 2 years prior to diagnosis with stable values prior to that ( p < 0.0001). Parameters such as creatinine, total protein and albumin showed significant, progressive decreases in mean values starting 5 years prior to diagnosis ( p < 0.0001). Patients with CD had distinct laboratory trends when compared with patients with UC. Conclusions Changes in laboratory parameters, healthcare service and medication use occur during the 5-year period before IBD diagnosis. These data can have future clinical applicability by developing a composite score and referral algorithm introducing red flags into primary care visits and appropriate referral for specialist care.