Multi-scenario simulation and ecological risk analysis of land use based on the PLUS model: A case study of Nanjing

•A complete solution that includes the land use simulation and ecological risk assessment was designed.•The land use of Nanjing in 2025 under multi-scenarios was simulated by the PLUS model.•The ecological risks of land use under multi-scenario were assessed with a comprehensive indicator system.•Guarantee the urban sustainable development by avoiding the ecological risks under different development models.