Self-healing service for lowest load shedding in distribution networks using responsive loads and subcontractor feeder

One of the salient attractive features of smart grids is their self-healing capability. The bus voltage and branch current management method is presented as a multi-agent control framework using voltage-load sensitivity matrices (VLSM) with the cooperation of responsive loads and subcontractor feeder line at the restoration interval. Accordingly, this paper attempts to model the optimal coordination between two control levels, and calculate the available remaining and increasing capacity (ARIC) for both unresponsive and responsive load buses. The functions of the zone agents in the first control layer are: performing switching operations, executing the active/reactive load-setting commands, and monitoring. The functions of the central control agent in the second control layer are: negotiating with the zone agents, fault location detection, tie line selection, calculation the voltage of buses and the flow of lines, determine optimal consumption for each load, regulation of capacitor banks, determine the maximum power consumption capacity of the entire distribution network, and decision-making. And finally, a numerical experimental model conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.