Prevalence and probabilistic assessment of organic and inorganic gunshot residue and background profiles using LIBS, electrochemistry, and SEM-EDS

•GSR population study of over 3,200 samples including both shooter and background.•Examined the prevalence of residues in the background population.•Application of probabilistic interpretation to assess the weight of the evidence.•GSR screening in less than 10 min that combines IGSR and OGSR.•Over 98% accuracy when LIBS and Electrochemistry results are combined.