Graphene oxide as a versatile platform for emerging hydrovoltaic technology

Hydrovoltaic technology can harvest sustainable energy and clean water directly from various environments, providing a novel way to alleviate global environmental problems and the energy crisis. A wide variety of hydrovoltaic materials with distinctly different morphological, mechanical and functional features have been created by using GO as a versatile building block. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding the involvement of GO in the hydrovoltaic technology and its future perspectives. In this review, the latest progress in the preparation of GO-based hydrovoltaic materials and their various applications are summarized. The working mechanisms for the hydrovoltaic power generation and some remaining challenges are also discussed. Finally, some suggestions are given for further development of GO-based hydrovoltaic technology.