Erythropoietin promotes energy metabolism to improve LPS-induced injury in HK-2 cells via SIRT1/PGC1- pathway

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of frequent complications of sepsis with high mortality. Mitochondria is the center of energy metabolism participating in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated AKI, and SIRT1/PGC1-alpha signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the modulation of energy metabolism. Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts protective functions on chronic kidney disease. We aimed to assess the effects of EPO on cell damage and energy metabolism in a cell model of septic AKI. Renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 were treated with LPS and human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO). Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 and mitochondrial membrane potential was determined using JC-1 fluorescent probe. Then the content of ATP, ADP and NADPH, as well as lactic acid, were measured for the assessment of energy metabolism. Oxidative stress was evaluated by detecting the levels of ROS, MDA, SOD and GSH. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 beta, were measured with ELISA. Moreover, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect mRNA and protein expressions. shSIRT1 was used to knockdown SIRT1, while EX527 and SR-18292 were applied to inhibit SIRT1 and PGC1-alpha, respectively, to investigate the regulatory mechanism of rhEPO on inflammatory injury and energy metabolism. In LPS-exposed HK-2 cells, rhEPO attenuated cell damage, inflammation and abnormal energy metabolism, as indicated by the elevated cell viability, the inhibited oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and inflammation, as well as the increased mitochondrial membrane potential and energy metabolism. However, these protective effects induced by rhEPO were reversed after SIRT1 or PGC1-alpha inhibition. EPO activated SIRT1/PGC1-alpha pathway to alleviate LPS-induced abnormal energy metabolism and cell damage in HK-2 cells. Our study suggested that rhEPO played a renoprotective role through SIRT1/PGC1-alpha pathway, which supported its therapeutic potential in septic AKI.