Treatment of PAH-contaminated soil by persulfate: a review

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a threat to human health and the environment. This review analyzes recent publications about the use of persulfate (PS) for the treatment of PAH-contaminated soils. The reviewed publications reaffirmed the versatility of this oxidant and the convenience of its use. Pollutants and PS concentrations, PS-activation methods, and combination with bioremediation in PS applications were considered. Several studies detected the formation of SO4 center dot- and HO center dot radicals, with relative amounts, depending on the experimental conditions. The main parameter considered to evaluate the evolution of the treatments was the concentrations of each PAH or the global value. The optimization of the methods was focused on the application and activation of PS. Recommendations for future investigations are included.