Surgically Relevant Biomechanics of the Medial and Posterolateral Knee and their Implications on Knee Kinematics and Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions

Awareness of the important biomechanical role of the collateral ligaments has greatly expanded over recent decades. Treatment decisions for patients with knee ligament injuries are supported by an understanding of the quantitative anatomy of the knee, biomechanical properties of native structures, influence of key structure sectioning on knee laxity, diagnosis of injuries, and development of reconstruction techniques. Further, the important contribution of the collateral ligaments on cruciate ligament reconstruction has been recognized and incorporated into treatment algorithms. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.