Experimental study on trajectory flame length and axial temperature distribution of inclined turbulent jet flames

Uncontrollable jet fires are a typical disaster caused in process industries involving hazardous materials. Jet fires are also great safety hazards in the process of pipeline transportation. With the development of pipeline transportation, pipe network leakage events often do not occur in simple scenarios, but in more complex situations, such as in inclined jet fires. There are few studies on the physical characteristics of inclined jet flames in specific environments, which is of great significance for safety protection. In this work, experiments on turbulent diffusion jet flames in different inclined states (−90°to 90°) with nozzle diameters ranging between 2 and 6 mm were carried out. The jet flame length and temperature distribution of the central axis of the flame were analysed. In the present study, a theoretical model is derived to incorporate the effect of the jet inclined angle on the flame length. The experimental results show that both the flame length and the temperature of the central axis of the flame decrease with a decrease of the angle. Finally, the correction angle is introduced into the classical model, and a new dimensionless correlation is established, which is in good agreement with the current and other authors’ experimental results.