Laser Ion Acceleration in a Near Critical Density Trap

In order to accelerate ions by a laser, we go back to the original and the fundamental idea of how longitudinal field structure generation can be carried out in an ionized media and how particles may be trapped by the created wakefield. The latter condition is characterized by the phase velocity of the longitudinal structure v(ph) be equal to the particle trapping width v(tr). Since the trapping width is inversely proportional to the square-root of the mass of the accelerated particles, this width is much shorter for ions than for electrons. Thus, our dictum for laser ion acceleration is to impose a near critical density trap to decelerate laser group velocity, v(g) and subsequently to generate longitudinal wakefield to be able to trap ions under the condition of v(tr) = v(ph). We demonstrate this concept by PIC simulation and find that this method is effective, and the efficiency of laser ion acceleration is enhanced by a couple of orders of magnitude toward unity.