Hydraulic fractures simulation in non-uniform stress field of horizontal shale gas well

Shale reservoirs have low porosity and ultra-low permeability. A significant increase in gas well production requires horizontal well fracturing. In this view, the propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures during the fracturing process is critical to the effect of shale gas reservoir stimulation. However, some shale formations have developed faults and the in-situ stress field has a non-uniform distribution. Also, the maximum horizontal principal stress direction varies with the spatial position, and non-planar deflection propagation behavior in hydraulic fractures is possible. The purpose of this article is to reveal the effect of the development of faults in the shale formation on the propagation of hydraulic fractures. A calculation model for the non-uniform tectonic stress field near the fault was established, and on this basis, we constructed a shale gas horizontal well-staged multi-cluster fracturing hydraulic fracture deflection propagation model under the influence of faults. Furthermore, the fracture propagation law was simulated and analyzed in the presence of a non-uniform in-situ stress field. The findings demonstrate that hydraulic fractures near the strike-slip fault tend to run parallel to the fault direction, whereas hydraulic fractures near the normal fault tend to run perpendicular to the fault direction. The greater the fault throw and the greater the hydraulic fracture propagation deflection angle, the closer the hydraulic fracture is to the fault. The deflection behavior of hydraulic fractures increases flow resistance in the fracture, and proppant transport does not flow smoothly, increasing the difficulty and risk of the fracturing operation. The findings of this study could provide an important theoretical foundation for the design of staged multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal wells near faults in shale formations.