Recent progresses on radiotherapeutics-based treatment of cancer with two-dimensional nanomaterials

•The limitation of the conventional RT and improved methods in clinical trials has been summarized.•2D nanomaterials for RT improvement are summarized.•The various newly developed synergistic strategies based on 2D nanomaterials are emphasized for enhancing RT effects.•The challenges and future outlook of 2D nanomaterials-based radiotherapy for tumor are also discussed.