Landscape context and farm characteristics are key to farmers' adoption of agri-environmental schemes

Agri-environmental schemes (AES) belong to the main instruments of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to foster sustainable farming practices that contribute to the conservation of biodiversity, ecosystem services, climate change mitigation and adaptation. Farmers’ attitudes towards these voluntary measures and the socio-economic factors influencing their decisions have been widely studied through interviews or surveys. However, it remains unclear whether the spatial patterns of AES adoption can be predicted based on farm structural and environmental variables.