Genetic and Clinical Evaluation of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes with Long-Term Follow-Up: Experience of a Tertiary Center in Turkey

Introduction Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders affecting the safety factor which required for neuromuscular transmission. Here we reported our experience in children with CMS. Methods We retrospectively collected the data of 18 patients with CMS who were examined in our outpatient clinic between January 2021 and January 2022. The diagnosis of CMS was based on the presence of clinical symptoms such as abnormal fatigability and weakness, absence of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor and muscle-specific kinase, electromyographic evidence of neuromuscular junction defect, molecular genetic confirmation, and response to treatment. Results The most common mutations were in the acetylcholine receptor (CHRNE) gene (8/18) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) (2/18) gene. Despite targeted gene sequencing and whole exome sequencing (WES) were underwent, we couldn’t detect a genetic mutation in three out of patients. The most commonly determined initial finding was eyelid ptosis, followed by fatigable weakness, and respiratory insufficiency. Although the most commonly used drug was pyridostigmine, we have experienced that caution should be exercised as it may worsen some types of CMS. Discussion We reported in detail the phenotypic features of very rare gene mutations associated with CMS and our experience in the treatment of this disease. Although CMS are rare genetic disorder, the prognosis can be very promising with appropriate treatment in most CMS subtypes.