Fabrication of astaxanthin-loaded electrospun nanofiber-based mucoadhesive patches with water‐insoluble backing for the treatment of oral premalignant lesions

•Astaxanthin-loaded Janus nanofiber patches were prepared via electrospinning.•The saliva-insoluble PCL backing prevented drug loss in the oral cavity.•The patches showed a suitable astaxanthin release rate and permeated into buccal mucosa.•The patches greatly promoted the recovery of oral premalignant lesions.•The patches showed great potential for managing oral premalignant lesions.