Biomarkers in Gynecologic Tumors

Gynecologic malignancies are one of the most frequent cancers amongstwomen. Biomarkers are crucial for the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses;however, their potential for diagnosis is limited. In the era of difficulty in ovariancancer screening, novel biomarkers are defined, but CA125 still remains the mostvaluable one. Circulating tumor DNAs, DNA hypermethylation, metabolites,microRNAs, and kallikreins have recently turned out as ovarian cancer biomarkers andare being applied to clinical practice. For uterine cancer, genomic classification hasnow been described, it will be used as a prognostic tool. In this chapter, we describeovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer biomarkers in detail.