Activity patterns and interactions of rodents in an assemblage composed by native species and the introduced black rat: implications for pathogen transmission

Background The degree of temporal overlap between sympatric wild hosts species and their behavioral interactions can be highly relevant to the transmission of pathogens. However, this topic has been scantly addressed. Furthermore, temporal overlap and interactions within an assemblage of wild rodents composed of native and introduced species have been rarely discussed worldwide. We assessed the nocturnal activity patterns and interactions between rodent taxa of an assemblage consisting of native species ( Oligoryzomys longicaudatus , Abrothrix hirta , and Abrothrix olivaceus ) and the introduced black rat ( Rattus rattus ) in a temperate forest from southern Chile. All rodent species in this study are known hosts for various zoonotic pathogens. Results We found a high nocturnal temporal overlap within the rodent assemblage. However, pairwise comparisons of temporal activity patterns indicated significant differences among all taxa. Rattus rattus showed aggressive behaviors against all native rodents more frequently than against their conspecifics. As for native rodents, agonistic behaviors were the most common interactions between individuals of the same taxon and between individuals of different taxa ( O. longicaudatus vs Abrothrix spp.). Conclusions Our findings reveal several interactions among rodent taxa that may have implications for pathogens such as hantaviruses, Leptospira spp., and vector-borne pathogens. Furthermore, their transmission may be facilitated by the temporal overlap observed between rodent taxa.