Successful treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis based on clinical suspicion and advanced cardiac imaging: A case report

Introduction: Confirming the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a challenging task as we often do not count with histopathologic evidence. However, prompt initiation of treatment is sometimes necessary, and advanced cardiac imaging along with key clinical findings can play a crucial role in the diagnostic workup. Patient concerns: A 77-year-old male with a history of heart failure presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. He was found to have an acute drop in left ventricular ejection fraction associated with frequent premature ventricular contractions and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Coronary angiogram was negative for acute coronary syndrome. Advanced cardiac imaging with cardiac magnetic resonance raised suspicion of CS, and steroids were started empirically. Endomyocardial biopsy was attempted but was not successful. Diagnosis: The patient's presentation was highly suggestive of cardiac sarcoidosis. Interventions: Corticosteroids, diuresis, guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure. Outcomes: The patient's symptoms and ventricular arrhythmias improved on steroids. Subsequent FDG-PET revealed increased uptake in a pattern consistent with CS. Conclusion: This clinical scenario highlights the importance of advanced cardiac imaging and clinical findings for the diagnosis of CS and exposes the practical need for a standardized, noninvasive strategy to the diagnosis of CS.