Characterization of Eggshell Composition at Different Size and Concentration in Fire-Retardant Application

This paper explores the thermal characterization of eggshell composition at different sizes and concentrations in glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites as a potential flame retardants material. The eggshell powder (ESP) with different sizes (53 μm and 100 μm) and concentrations (10 wt% and 30 wt% ) was mixed with epoxy and laminated with four layers of 800 gsm E-glass. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) has been performed to analyze the thermal properties of the GFRP laminates. The finding reveals that incorporating the ESP in the GFRP composites material does not affect the epoxy matrix’s thermal properties as all the trails deteriorate between 450 °C to 480 °C. The combination of 100 μm filler size and 30 wt% ESP improved the fire resistance by 4.68% when compared to 53 μm size and 30 wt% ESP. In addition, the increment of filler loading from 10 wt% to 30 wt% of the 100 μm filler size showed an improvement of 10.9%. This concludes the potential of ESP as a fire retardant material.