Implementation of Antibacterial Nanoparticles in Additive Manufacturing to Increase Part Strength and Stiffness

The introduction of novel composites suited for additive manufacturing machines offers a solution for the current slow adoption of the technology. Many composites offer secondary functions and mechanical improvements to suit unique applications better. This article presents the creation of a set of novel nanocomposites consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO) and a photocurable resin using a masked stereolithography additive machine. These nanocomposites are produced in 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% concentrations and are characterized based on their mechanical and surface properties. Using ZnO allows for the creation of mechanically stronger parts with reduced wettability while offering antibacterial properties throughout the entire part. Best results were observed at a 5% concentration of ZnO with a nearly 25% strength increase and 45% decrease in wettability. Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated proper dispersion with minimal agglomerations present. In the sporicidal effect analysis, the ZnO (with 7.5% concentration) reduced 31.5% of Clostridioides difficile spores. These results demonstrate the capability of producing antibacterial nanocomposites using low-cost additive manufacturing to enhance public health options.