Comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of Lurong dabu decoction and its absorbed prototypes and metabolites in rat plasma using UHPLC–Q Exactive Orbitrap–HRMS

•A novel UHPLC-HRMS method of high sensitivity and high resolution was developed to determine the material basis in the traditional Chinese Korean ethnic medicine prescription of LRDBD.•It is the first time that the material basis of LRDBD prescription and blood absorbed prototype constituents and their metabolites have been characterized.•After decocting, the components of LRDBD were compared with those of 8 single herbs, and the 23 ingredients were detected in LRDBD except for single herbs.•A total of 29 prototype constituents and 35 metabolites were identified in rat plasma after administration. More than 50% of prototype constituents were derived from antler velvet. It could reflect the correctness of the compatibility theory of Sasang medicine.