Downscaling Earth System Models with Deep Learning

Modern climate models offer simulation results that provide unprecedented details at the local level. However, even with powerful supercomputing facilities, their computational complexity and associated costs pose a limit on simulation resolution that is needed for agile planning of resource allocation, parameter calibration, and model reproduction. As regional information is vital for policymakers, data from coarse-grained resolution simulations undergo the process of "statistical downscaling" to generate higher-resolution projection at a local level. We present a new method for downscaling climate simulations called GINE (Geospatial INformation Encoded statistical downscaling). To preserve the characteristics of climate simulation data during this process, our model applies the latest computer vision techniques over topography-driven spatial and local-level information. The comprehensive evaluations on 2x, 4x, and 8x resolution factors show that our model substantially improves performance in terms of RMSE and the visual quality of downscaled data.