Conditioned hydrogen for a green hydrogen supply for heavy duty-vehicles in 2030 and 2050-A techno-economic well-to-tank assessment of various supply chains

Hydrogen, seen as a promising secondary renewable energy carrier, can becompressed or liquefied as well as chemically bound to enable a more economic storage and transportation. All conditioned hydrogen options obtain specific advantages and disadvantages. Thus, this paper assess the energy efficiency and the cost of a green hydrogen supply from well to tank exemplified for fuel cell heavy-duty vehicles in Germany related to the years 2030 and 2050. Therefore, compressed gaseous hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid organic hydrogen carriers, methanol and ammonia are considered and different hydrogen production regions in North and Central Germany, as well as an import from Tunisia and Argentina (Patagonia) are assumed. The assessment shows that a hydrogen supply chain in its state of aggregation as finally demanded is the lowest cost option leading to 700 bar compressed gaseous hydrogen filling costs of 5 euro2020/kgH2 in 2030 and 4 euro2020/kgH2 in 2050 and liquid hydrogen filling costs around 7 euro2020/kgH2 in 2030 and 6 euro2020/kgH2 in 2050.(c) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.