The multifaceted mechanisms of pristimerin in the treatment of tumors state-of-the-art

As a globally complicated disease, malignant tumor has long been posing a threat to human health with increasingly high morbidity and mortality. Notably, existing treatments for tumors like chemotherapy generally carry intolerable toxicity, necessitating novel agents balancing safety and potency. Among them, the anti-tumor potency of herbs, featuring few adverse effects and promising efficacy, has attracted much attention recently. Pristimerin, a Quinone formamide triterpenoid compound extracted from Celastraceae and Portulacaceae, carries pronounced anti-tumor activity. It applies to various malignant tumors, including breast cancer, bile duct cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, and lung cancer. In state-of-the-art understanding, pristimerin, alone or combined, can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce tumor cell apoptosis, inhibit tumor migration and invasion, inhibit angiogenesis, induce tumor cell autophagy, regulate the occurrence of inflammation related tumors, enhance chemosensitivity and regulate tumor microenvironment and immune cells. Despite the abundance of pristimerin-based research, systematic reviews on its anti-tumor mechanism remain needed. This study presented the anti-tumor mechanism of pristimerin by literature review, which might serve as a reference for further research and clinical practice.