Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism: late diagnosis

A 44-year-old White male patient was admitted to a referral hospital with a fracture of the femur. Imaging exams revealed multiple radiolucent lesions on the lower limbs. A routine dental examination showed edentulism. The patient was submitted to an oral biopsy a few years earlier. A panoramic radiograph showed the recurrence of a previous lesion in the anterior region of the mandible. A new biopsy with histopathologic analysis revealed a giant cell lesion. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, a parathyroid hormone exam and calcium dosage were requested, confirming hyperparathyroidism. Given the results of the exams, the oral lesion was diagnosed as a brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism. Surgical removal with curettage was performed. The patient has also undergone medical treatment and is currently under observation. Given the above, the differential diagnosis of oral manifestations of systemic diseases is necessary, avoiding complications and reduction in the patient's quality of life.