Early Miocene remains of Melissiodon from Mokrá-Quarry (Moravia, Czech Republic) shed light on the evolutionary history of the rare cricetid genus.

In this work, new remains of have been identified as a new morphotype that clearly differs from by its unique m1 morphology but still shows some resemblance with Based on that, we here propose the hypothesis of an evolutionary lineage starting from , diverging from the lineage leading towards With this finding, there are at least two different taxa of known during the Early Miocene, prior to the genus extinction. This study arises the certainty that the evolution history of the genus is more complex than previously thought and that more studies are necessary to elucidate it, including a complete revision of the type material of and in the light of current knowledge of the genus, which will help to elucidate the attribution of the populations from Mokrá-Quarry. For the time being, the assemblage presented here is referred as aff.