Visualizing Inside Conduits-Intraoperative Screening of Grafts by Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE Saphenous vein graft (SVG) failure is a complex phenomenon, with technical, biologic, and local factors contributing to early and medium-and long-term failure after coronary artery bypass graft. Both technical and conduit factors may have significant impact on early SVG failure.DESCRIPTION We review the complex factors that play a pathogenic role in SVG failure, followed by review of the existing literature on potential utility of high-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) in comprehensive intra-operative assessment of SVGs. EVALUATION We describe a new technique for intraoperative acquisition of OCT images in the harvested SVGs and introduce a classification system for pathologic processes that can be detected in the harvested SVG conduits by OCT.CONCLUSIONS The potential impact on early graft failure of the exclusion of segments of SVGs that are less than optimal (ie, containing fibroatheroma, retained thrombus, sclerotic valves, or procurement injury) will be examined in the randomized controlled OCTOCAB (Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography of the Saphenous Vein Conduit in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) trial. (Ann Thorac Surg 2023;115:266-71)(c) 2023 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons