Optimizing methods for capturing neonate elk when using vaginal implant transmitters

The ability to capture and monitor neonate ungulates has been enhanced by vaginal implant transmitters (VITs). Improving capture methodology when using VITs will further increase the likelihood of capturing neonates. We analyzed data from 55 attempted captures of neonate elk (Cervus canadensis) in Utah, USA, during 2019-2020 to determine when searches for neonate elk should begin to maximize likelihood of capture while minimizing disturbance. Reducing the time elapsed between parturition and search initiation resulted in a decreased search length, decreased distance traveled by the neonate, and increased likelihood of capture. We initiated searches as early as 3.6 hours post-parturition with no evidence of maternal abandonment. Probability of capture was near or above 90% when searches were initiated within 10 hours of parturition. We recommend that researchers initiate searches 3.6-10 hours post-parturition to allow for capture attempts that are effective, efficient, and minimally disruptive.