TMO-Derived gamma-MO2 Nanosheets for Harmonic Soliton Molecule Pulses Generation

The interaction of 2D materials with ultrashort laser excitation generates fiber soliton pulses with extreme nonlinear absorption characteristics, which are essential for generating ultrafast pulses. However, searching for suitable nanomaterials to achieve versatile photonic properties is difficult. Factors such as cost, manufacturing process complexity, optical response time, and nonlinear absorption effects make the balance between high performance and low cost a constant challenge, greatly hindering the research and development of ultrafast photonics technology. For fiber soliton pulse systems, gamma-MnO2, as a transition metal oxide (TMO), shows excellent potential among many candidate nanomaterials due to its rich narrow-band optoelectronic microstructural features and nonlinear optical properties. In this work, this fundamental trade-off is overcome and gamma-MnO2 is investigated as a nonlinear optical material for multifunctional fiber soliton pulsed lasers. The outputs of conventional soliton pulses, 23rd order harmonic soliton-molecule picosecond pulses, continuous and soliton pulse waves coexist in dual-wavelength, and soliton rain pulses are obtained simultaneously, successfully achieving a technological breakthrough in nanophotonics and pulse dynamics. It is demonstrated that MnO2 has a broad application prospect for generating nonlinear effects such as fiber optic soliton pulses, which provides an effective and rich theoretical support for developing ultrafast photonics of narrow-band optoelectronic materials.