On the estimation of finite population variance for a mail survey design in the presence of non-response using new conventional and calibrated estimators

In this paper, we proposed new conventional unbiased and calibration estimators for estimating finite population variance for a Mail Survey Design characterized by the presence of non-response in practice. The properties of the proposed estimators are studied theoretically and numerically. Empirical studies were conducted using two each of existing and simulated data to illustrate the performance of proposed estimators over existing ones. The results of both theoretical and numerical comparison depicted the superiority of proposed estimators for estimating population variance for a Mail Survey Design characterized by non-response.