The Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Glutathione

As the most abundant non-protein sulfhydryl compound in cells, glutathione plays an important role in maintaining normal physiological activities of the human body. Therefore, it is of great significance to be able to detect glutathione efficiently and sensitively. Fluorescent probe method has become the main method for the determination of glutathione in biological samples due to its advantages of convenient operation, excellent specificity and high sensitivity. The successful application of fluorescent probe method is also attributed to the special structural features of GSH, such as the nucleophilicity of sulfhydryl groups, reduction, high affinity for metal ions and the synergistic reaction ability of amino groups. Based on the classification of the probe structure, the fluorescent probes that can specifically detect glutathione in the past five years are divided into two categories: organic fluorescent probes and inorganic fluorescent probes. According to the structural characteristics of coumarin, BODIPY, rhodamine, cyanine, benzothiazole, naphthalimide, metal-organic framework, semiconductor quantum dots, carbon dots, metal nano, manganese dioxide nanosheet, graphene quantum dots, etc., organic fluorescent probes/inorganic fluorescent probes, the sensing mechanisms of Michael addition reaction, nucleophilic substitution, reduction reaction, and thiol-induced breakage reaction and complexation reaction of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl are reviewed. Meanwhile, the design strategy, response model for glutathione and practical application of the probes are described and analyzed. We really look forward to providing a new idea for the construction of a new glutathione fluorescent probe.