Experimental Study on the Interaction Between the Reservoir and Tunnel During the Construction and Operation Period

Tunnel construction in water-rich areas is likely to damage the surrounding environment of the tunnel site area and to have an impact on the surrounding environment and surface water. To reveal the law of interaction between the tunnel and the environment, relying on the superlong tunnel under construction, a model test of the interaction between the tunnel and the surrounding reservoirs during the construction and operation period is carried out to analyse the influence of tunnel construction on the water level of the reservoir and discuss the evolution mechanism of the thickness of the grouting reinforcement ring during the operation period on the tunnel gushing water and the water level of the reservoir. The results show that there are hydrodynamic pressures around the face and the excavated section during the construction period of the tunnel, and that the main pressure is hydrostatic pressure during the operation period. The catastrophic evolution process of tunnel gushing water is more complicated, as it is a dynamic destruction process in which the equilibrium state of the reservoir, hydrodynamic system and the surrounding rock mechanics of the tunnel are broken due to the disturbance of tunnel excavation. During site construction, when the thickness of the grouting ring is 4.5 m, it is enough to ensure the stability of the reservoir water level. Various investigation methods show that tunnel construction has limited impact on the surface environment, and that the damage to the surface environment is mainly restricted by rainfall.