Recent Developments in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance for Spectroscopic Applications

This review investigated the developments of Electron paramagnetic resonance such as SDSL EPR, pulsed/CW ENDOR, high frequency/ high-field EPR, and ESEEM in biological systems such as photosynthesis, metalloproteins, radical enzymes, and phospholipid membranes. EPR spectroscopy act as a powerful tool to calculate the dynamics and structure of the biological systems from the paramagnetic centers. Applying the EPR measurements on the biomolecules like calmodulin, pyruvate kinase, nitrogenase, bromoperoxidase can also help understand their intermolecular behavior. The better insight into the detailed kinetics of the protein in the radical state can be evaluated quickly with the EPR spectroscopy than that of the XRD or NMR techniques. Hence, the specific potentials, principles, technicality, developments, and limitations, of EPR spectroscopy are highlighted here to understand its applications in the research and development of bio-medicine.