MAGAZ3NE: High Stellar Velocity Dispersions for Ultramassive Quiescent Galaxies at z greater than or similar to 3

In this work, we publish stellar velocity dispersions, sizes, and dynamical masses for eight ultramassive galaxies (UMGs; log(M-*/M-circle dot) > 11), z greater than or similar to 3) from the Massive Ancient Galaxies At z > 3 NEar-infrared (MAGAZ3NE) Survey, more than doubling the number of such galaxies with velocity dispersion measurements at this epoch. Using the deep Keck/MOSFIRE and Keck/NIRES spectroscopy of these objects in the H and K bandpasses, we obtain large velocity dispersions of similar to 400 km s(-1) for most of the objects, which are some of the highest stellar velocity dispersions measured and similar to 40% larger than those measured for galaxies of similar mass at z similar to 1.7. The sizes of these objects are also smaller by a factor of 1.5-3 compared to this same z similar to 1.7 sample. We combine these large velocity dispersions and small sizes to obtain dynamical masses. The dynamical masses are similar to the stellar masses of these galaxies, consistent with a Chabrier initial mass function (IMF). Considered alongside previous studies of massive quiescent galaxies across 0.2 < z < 4.0, there is evidence for an evolution in the relation between the dynamical mass-stellar mass ratio and velocity dispersion as a function of redshift. This implies an IMF with fewer low-mass stars (e.g., Chabrier IMF) for massive quiescent galaxies at higher redshifts in conflict with the bottom-heavy IMF (e.g., Salpeter IMF) found in their likely z similar to 0 descendants, though a number of alternative explanations such as a different dynamical structure or significant rotation are not ruled out. Similar to data at lower redshifts, we see evidence for an increase of IMF normalization with velocity dispersion, though the z greater than or similar to 3 trend is steeper than that for z similar to 0.2 early-type galaxies and offset to lower dynamical-to-stellar mass ratios.