Constant Delay Switching: Asynchronous Traffic Shaping with Jitter Control

2022 IFIP NETWORKING CONFERENCE (IFIP NETWORKING)(2022)

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Abstract
Recent developments in the Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) group have put forth a number of mechanisms to improve deterministic latency in layer 2 switches. Their shaping approaches differ with respect to prerequisites, flexibility, maximum latency, and latency variation (jitter). Asynchronous solutions provide flexibility in dynamic scenarios, but Credit-Based Shaping (CBS) and Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (ATS) come with a high latency variance, as the minimum latency is not affected by them. Some applications in industrial and automotive use cases require low jitter while trying to avoid a dependency on time synchronization, and even TSN's redundancy mechanism benefits from a lower latency variance. This work is bridging the gap between low-jitter transmission requirements and asynchronous shaping mechanisms. In this paper, the application of a stateless Asynchronous Constant Delay Shaper (ACDS) is discussed. It collects the queuing duration from the previous bridge to delay each frame for the remaining time such that a constant per-hop delay for each frame is achieved. The discussion includes the prerequisites, the mechanism itself, and its technical complexity, as well as a formal analysis of its guaranteed latency by proving its relation to a token-bucket based ATS. Further, two extensions are discussed, and an evaluation shows the applicability of ACDS by comparing its jitter to ATS in a frame-level simulation.
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Key words
asynchronous traffic shaping,high latency variance,industrial use cases,automotive use cases,low jitter,time synchronization,lower latency variance,low-jitter transmission requirements,asynchronous shaping mechanisms,previous bridge,remaining time,prerequisites,ATS,jitter control,layer 2 switches,maximum latency,asynchronous solutions,credit-based shaping,constant delay switching,TSN redundancy mechanism benefits,time sensitive networking group,stateless asynchronous constant delay shaper,constant per-hop delay,token-bucket based ATS,frame-level simulation
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