Three Newly Recognized Likely Pathogenic Gene Variants Associated with Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis

Introduction Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv [variant]) is a clinically heterogeneous, progressively debilitating, fatal disease resulting from the deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. Early diagnosis of ATTRv can be facilitated with genetic testing; however, such testing of the TTR gene identifies variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in a minority of cases, a small percentage of which have the potential to be pathogenic. The Akcea/Ambry VUS Initiative is dedicated to gathering molecular, clinical, and inheritance data for each TTR VUS identified by genetic testing programs to reclassify TTR variants to a clinically actionable status (e.g., variant likely pathogenic [VLP]) where appropriate. Methods Classification criteria used here, based on recommendations from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, are stringent and comprehensive, requiring distinct lines of evidence supporting pathogenesis. Results Three TTR variants have been reclassified from VUS to VLP, including c.194C>T (p.A65V), c.172G>C (p.D58H), and c.239C>T (p.T80I). In each case, the totality of genetic, structural, and clinical evidence provided strong support for pathogenicity. Conclusions Based on several lines of evidence, three TTR VUS were reclassified as VLP, resulting in a high likelihood of disease diagnosis for those and subsequent patients as well as at-risk family members.