Toxoplasma gondii infection in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review

Introduction Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, for several reasons, clinicians know little about Toxoplasma infection. Case presentation We report a case of toxoplasmosis that was diagnosed by bone marrow smear and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) after HSCT in a boy. Additionally, we summarize the characteristics of toxoplasmosis after pediatric HSCT reported in the literature published in PubMed. Conclusion Clinicians should increase their awareness of toxoplasmosis in children after HSCT and implement pre-transplant screening and post-transplant monitoring and prevention in future according to the national conditions of our country.