Successful pregnancy via in vitro fertilization in a primary infertile woman with primary lymphoma of the fallopian tube after surgery: A case report and literature review

Rationale: Primary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the fallopian tube is extremely rare. It is a great challenge for fertility and gynecology doctors to manage such cases and also fulfil the reproductive demands of these young women. Patient concerns: A 30-year-old woman consulted for a 5-year primary infertility. Diagnosis: According to the Ann Arbor staging system, a stage IE extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma was diagnosed for this patient based on tumor pathology, bone marrow biopsy, hysteroscopy and whole-body positron emission tomography imaging. She also had endometriosis based on laparoscopy. Interventions: The patient underwent a laparoscopic bilateral salpingostomy without additional surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy for fertility preservation, and received 5 months of long-acting gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment for endometriosis. Outcomes: Two years after the surgery, the patient delivered a healthy neonate through in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer procedures. The patient is now 3 years post-op and 1 year post-delivery, long-term follow-up suggested that the patient remained cancer-free up till now. Lessons: More care should be taken when the newly diagnosed mass is combined with a rather high serum CA-125 level. Although endometriosis and ovarian cancer are more common, lymphoma cannot be ruled out.