T-Cell Receptor beta Chain and B-Cell Receptor Repertoires in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Coexisting HBsAg and Anti-HBs

Antibodies in response to antigens are related to the immune repertoire of T- and B-cell receptors. However, some patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have coexisting HBsAg and anti-HBsAg antibodies (anti-HBs) that cannot neutralize HBV. We attempted to investigate the repertoires that produce this response in CHB patients. The T-cell receptor beta chain (TRB) and B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires of peripheral blood genomic DNA were analyzed using MiXCR. T-cell receptor (TCR) cluster analysis was carried out by clusTCR, and motifs prediction was selected by Multiple Em for Motif Elicitation (MEME). A total of 76 subjects were enrolled, including 26 HBsAg and anti-HBs coexisting patients with CHB (DP group), 25 anti-HBs single-positive healthy people (SP group), and 25 CHB patients (CHB group). The clone length of BCR in 39, 90 was significantly different among these groups (p = 0.005, 0.036). The motif "CASSLG" in the DP group was significantly higher than SP and CHB groups and may relate to coexistence, and the motif "GAGPLT" was only shown in the SP group and may relate to anti-HB expression. These provide important insights into vaccine development and CHB treatment.