Angioscopic evaluation after venous stents.

At 6 months after stent placement, the stent struts were almost covered by a neointima. The stent struts were completely covered 1 year after stent implantation. Neointimal coverage was unchanged from the 1-year follow-up to the 2-year follow-up, suggesting that neointimal proliferation proceeded gradually with subsequent neointimal remodeling up to 1 year. The cause of ISR might be the overgrown thickened neointima rather than the formation of thrombosis.