Natural convection in shallow and tall enclosures

Natural convection which transfers heat without an external power source and hence without moving parts, is passionately investigated numerically and experimentally, for laminar and turbulent flows by several outstanding researchers. It has wide range of science and engineering applications. For example, natural convection is responsible for large scale ocean circulation, atmospheric flows, thermohaline circulation and slow mantle cooling created by fluid-like motions of the rocks to transfer the excess heat in the Earth's deep interior. Engineering applications in broad areas include solar energy, nuclear energy, space systems, petroleum industry, cryogenics and manufacturing processes etc. Other more specific applications include but not restricted to design of buildings, such as doublewall insulations, air circulation through the rooms in a building or the heat transfer through a flat-roof attic space, and electronic cooling such as cooling of chips or transistors or other electronic components in the control systems.