A New Circular Single-Stranded DNA Virus Related with Howler Monkey Associated Porprismacovirus 1 Detected in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis

Putative replication-associated protein (REP) and capsid-like (CAP) proteins are encoded by circular single-stranded DNA viruses (CRESS DNA), which have been found in samples from most eukaryotic groups. However, the details of these viruses' life cycles and their significance in diseases have yet to be established. We presented and analyzed two full-length CRESS DNA genomes acquired from two children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis (GI) in the northeast state of Tocantins, Brazil, using next-generation sequencing and a virus-like filtration approach. Both sequences (named SmaCV3BR08 and SmaCV3BR291) are closely similar to a prior CRESS DNA sequence discovered in the feces of a new world monkey (Alouatta caraya) from the United States in 2009 and termed Howler monkey-associated porprismacovirus 1 (Genbank ID: NC 026317). According to our comparative study, these porprismacovirus genomes deviate by 10% at the nucleotide level. For comparative reasons, the divergence between our sequences (SmaCV3BR08 and SmaCV3BR291) and a porprismacovirus recently identified in a human fecal sample from Peru is 37%. These data suggest that there is a great diversity of porprismacoviruses in South America, perhaps more than two species. In addition, the finding of closely related sequences of porprismacoviruses in humans and native monkeys highlights the zoonotic potential of these viruses.