Treatment of peripheral bronchopleural fistula with interventional negative pressure drainage

Objectives: Bronchopleural fistula is a serious complication of pneumonectomy and lobectomy and results in a reduction in the quality of life of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous drainage tube placement with continuous negative pressure drainage for the treatment of peripheral bronchopleural fistula. Methods: Data of 16 patients with peripheral bronchopleural fistula were retrospectively analyzed. A percutaneous thoracic drainage tube was placed under fluoroscopy and connected with a negative pressure suction device. The drainage tube was removed when the residual cavity disappeared on computed tomography. Results: All 16 patients underwent lobectomy, including 11 patients with lung cancer (68.8%), 4 patients with pulmonary infection (25.0%), and 1 patient with hemoptysis (6.3%). All patients underwent successful drainage tube placement on the first attempt with a technical success rate of 100%. No serious complications occurred during or after the procedure. The drainage tubes were adjusted 3.25 +/- 2.24 times (range: 1-8 times). A total of 30 drainage tubes were used (average per patient, 1.88 +/- 1.36 tubes). The cure time of 16 patients was 114.94 +/- 101.08 days (range, 30-354 days). The median drainage tube indwelling duration was 87 days, and the 75th percentile was 117 days. Conclusion: Interventional percutaneous thoracic drainage tube placement with continuous negative pressure drainage is an effective, safe, and feasible method for the treatment of peripheral bronchopleural fistula.