Improvement of Tissue‐specific Distribution and Biotransformation Potential of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Combination with Ginsenosides or Resveratrol

Abstract Decreased Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level has received increasing attention in recent years since it plays a critical role in many diseases and aging. Although some research has proved that supplementing nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) could improve the level of NAD+, it is still uncertain whether the NAD+ level in specific tissues could be improved in combination with other nutrients. So far, a variety of nutritional supplements have flooded the market, which contains the compositions of NMN coupled with natural products. However, the synergy and transformation process of NMN has not been fully elucidated. In this study, oral administration of NMN (500 mg/kg) combined with resveratrol (50 mg/kg) or ginsenoside Rh2&Rg3 (50 mg/kg) was used to validate the efficacy of appropriate drug combinations in mice. Compared with NMN alone, NMN combined with resveratrol could increase the levels of NAD+ in the heart and muscle by about 1.6 times and 1.7 times, respectively, whereas NMN coupled with ginsenoside Rh2&Rg3 could effectively improve the level of NAD+ in lung tissue for approximately 2.0 times. Our study may provide new treatment ideas for aging or diseases in cardiopulmonary caused by decreased NAD+ levels.