Energy efficiency in cognitive radio network using cooperative spectrum sensing based on hybrid spectrum handoff

Rapid spectrum usage in wireless networks may reduce energy efficiency, requiring cognitive radio net-works to be more efficient than conventional ones. Due to increased data transmission demand, cognitive radio networks arose from a lack of spectrum bandwidth. Spectrum sensing and handoff decision are two cognitive radio network strategies that help avoid interference, channel access, and cohabitation between primary and secondary users. Current research focuses on handoff decision and cooperative spectrum sensing to improve sensing efficiency and system throughput while neglecting energy efficiency and handoff latency. Spectrum mobility and sensing are essential for energy-efficient cognitive radio net-works. This study provides a second priority user transmission system using cooperative spectrum sens-ing to sense available channels. An energy detection technique optimizes the sensing process's energy usage, leading to energy efficiency. A primary user traffic pattern-based threshold approach is presented for spectrum mobility management. A threshold approach is utilized to calculate probabilistic stay-and -wait and QoS handoff values. The transmission channel is selected using a hybrid handoff strategy based on dynamic spectrum aggregation. Moreover, a cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm is described and simulated to identify the optimum channel with the greatest throughput and minimum energy consump-tion. The proposed approach increases energy efficiency and throughput while maintaining handoff delay and avoids miss-detection and false alarm. This technique improves energy efficiency, sensing perfor-mance, throughput, and handoff time. miss-detection.(c) 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intel-ligence, Cairo University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/).