Solar-light-induced photocatalyst based on Bi–B co-doped TiO 2 prepared via co-precipitation method

A simple precipitation process was used to make Bismuth and Boron co-doped TiO 2 nanorod like particles. To investigate the structural, geometrical, light absorption, and photocatalytic characteristics of the materials, a variety of spectroscopic and quantitative methods were used. According to the findings, all the materials had a highly crystalline anatase structure. The crystalline was attained to be 34 nm, 32 nm, 30 nm and 25 nm, respectively, for TiO 2 , Bi:TiO 2 , B:TiO 2 , and Bi–B:TiO 2 . From the optical study, band gap energies are achieved to be 3.07, 2.89, and 2.70 eV from the synthesized B:TiO 2 , Bi:TiO 2 , and Bi–B:TiO 2 nanomaterials. From the observed morphological analysis, spherical shape and rectangular rod-like structure was attained and sizes of the particles are achieved to be range 50–300 nm, approximately. The laboratory findings also suggest that Bi and B ions have been doped into the TiO 2 crystal lattice. The produced materials’ photocatalytic potential was investigated. Bi–B co-doped materials showed improved activity for degradation of methylene blue dye under stimulated solar-light irradiation as compared to pure TiO 2 , B and Bi individually doped TiO 2 . The experiment was also carried out with various beginning solution pH values, such as 2, 4, 6, and 8, to investigate the role of pH in the degradation process.