Culturally adapting a parent psychoeducational intervention for Chinese immigrant families of young children with autism spectrum disorder

Asian children with autism are underdiagnosed and underserved compared to White children in the United States. There is a critical need for culturally appropriate interventions addressing these health disparities. The current study aims to present the cultural adaptation process of an empirically supported parent education intervention, "Parents Taking Action" (PTA), for low-income Chinese immigrant families of young children with autism. Six Chinese immigrant parents of children with autism and six providers serving this population were recruited to participate in two separate focus groups in a US Midwestern city. Focus group data were transcribed and then analyzed using deductive qualitative analysis. Two bilingual researchers coded the data independently using a predeveloped coding list. Parents provided insights on the intervention structure and contextual elements such as cultural stigma against autism while providers put more emphasis on content modification. Parents underscored the benefits of delivering the intervention in group format as opposed to one-on-one family visits. This preference for group delivery was based on contextual issues such as feeling isolated from extended family and community members who do not have much knowledge of autism. Parents and providers agreed that it is important to deliver the intervention in community settings instead of clinics to enhance accessibility. As we tested out the predeveloped coding list, we synthesized a process of integrating community input into modifications of the original intervention. To our knowledge, this is the first culturally adapted intervention targeting Chinese immigrant families of young children with autism. The lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions for Chinese immigrant families of children with autism is alarming given the fast growth of this population. The process of culturally adapting "PTA" for Chinese immigrant families of children with autism provides a roadmap on how to translate community input into steps of adaptations.