Treatment and outcome of a patient with pleural unilocular cystic mesothelial proliferation

Pleural cystic mesothelial proliferation is an extremely uncommon disease arising in the mediastinal pleura. Usually, the cysts are incidentally found and preoperative diagnosis is difficult due to their atypical appearance. To date, only seven cases of pleural mesothelial proliferation have been reported, and only one patient with unilocular has been reported. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old woman with a mediastinal pleural unilocular cystic mesothelial proliferation that was completely resected by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. After 2 years of follow-up, the patient had no evidence of recurrence. In conclusion, our case report may contribute to the understanding of pleural unilocular cystic mesothelial proliferation.