Review of Particle Breakage Measurement Methods for Calcareous Sand

In order to better understand the particle breakage mechanics and characterization methods of calcareous sand, the particle breakage characteristics of calcareous sand in one-dimensional compression tests, isotropic compression tests, triaxial shear tests, and ring shear tests are reviewed and analyzed. The results show that the mechanism of shear crushing is essentially different from compression crushing. Compared with one-dimensional compression, it is easier to break calcareous sand under triaxial shear. In the shearing process, the particle breakage of calcareous sand will not continue indefinitely. The gradation tends to be stable and controlled by confining pressure and shear strain. The characteristic particle size measurement method for particle breakage is simple and has limitations. The description method using the particle size distribution curve is more comprehensive, but it is impossible to compare the crushing degree of particle with different particle sizes, and a suitable measurement method needs to be proposed.