Multiple fluid flow events and diversity of hydrothermal minerals in Neoproterozoic to lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs, Tarim Basin, NW China

•Two stages of hydrothermal events account for carbonate-hosted mineralization.•Quartz precipitated from silica-rich fluids from the Precambrian sandstone layers.•Saddle dolomite, fluorite and calcite formed in the Cambrian shale-derived fluids.•The same parent fluid could precipitate different minerals in differing host rocks.•Basal sandstones do not always act as lateral conduits for hydrothermal fluids.